Oriented Processes for Extraction and Recovery of Blue P3R Dye across Hybrid Polymer Membranes: Parameters and Mechanism

In the present work, two asymmetric polymer membranes based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with chitin and chitosan (as extractive agents) were synthesized through the phase inversion technique. The mechanisms of oriented process for the facilitated extraction of blue P3R dye across the as-prepared membranes were elucidated through different experiments. Further, kinetic and thermodynamic models based on Fick's first law were used to determine the macroscopic (permeability (P) and initial flux (J0)) and the microscopic (association constant (Kass) and apparent diffusion coefficient (D*)) parameters of the membranes. Finally, the values of different activation parameters (energy (Ea), enthalpy (ΔH≠), and entropy (ΔS≠)) were determined using theoretical models, and the analytical results revealed a kinetic control through the PVDF/PVP-chitin membrane and an energetic control through its PVDF/PVP-chitosan counterpart.